Study Report: Transnational Research on Education Quality Barriers for Ukrainian Refugees in Poland, Moldova and Romania (2025)

The report investigates the barriers faced by Ukrainian refugee children aged 10–14 in accessing quality education in Poland, Moldova, and Romania after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Millions have sought refuge in Europe, putting pressure on host nations’ educational systems. Although policies for inclusive education are in place, inconsistent implementation, resource shortages, and language barriers complicate the integration and education of these children. Online learning, while maintaining cultural connections with Ukraine, isolates them from peers and limits social development compared to in-person schools.

Caregivers generally prefer in-person schooling for its educational and social benefits, though challenges such as inadequate transportation, resource disparities, and persistent language issues often necessitate online or dual modalities. This contributes to a sense of impermanence and isolation for children, as opportunities for cultural integration remain unevenly implemented. Psychological difficulties due to displacement are significant, compounded by insufficient mental health support and stigma, adding complexity to the educational challenges refugee adolescents face.

The report calls for a coordinated response to address these barriers, emphasizing the need for stronger policy implementation, improved language support, and trauma-informed teaching. Social and cultural integration efforts, mental health service accessibility, and bridging urban-rural disparities are essential. International collaboration can assist in resource provisioning for these transitions, ensuring refugee children receive quality education and can integrate successfully into the host communities.