The key focus of the study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the legal and policy framework for child participation at Member State and EU levels; particular structures and approaches; barriers and enablers; and the impact and benefits of child participation.

Among the key findings, the study identified and drew attention to the gap that commonly exists between legislation in practice. Even in countries with well-established legislative frameworks, children’s participation rights continue to be compromised through a combination of legal loopholes, problems with enforcement and application of legislation, and public attitudes that restrict the child’s place in society.

The study employs the findings toward recommendations for both EU Member States and the European Commission. It also identified good practice on child participation, which could be used to improve possibilities for participation of children in actions, policies and decisions that affect them.