This publication provides a legal analysis on the application of international human rights law and international humanitarian law for the protection of persons in situations of armed conflict. It addresses, in particular, the questions of the complementary application of these two bodies of law. It does not aim to cover all relevant aspects of their application, but seeks instead to provide an overview of the concurrent application of both bodies of law. It therefore provides the necessary legal background and analysis of the relevant notions, in order for the reader to better understand the relationship between both bodies of law, as well as the implications of their complementary application in situations of armed conflict.